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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">849</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/1726-1708-2024-23-1-159-164</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in children and adolescents with refractory/relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma: a case series</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Терапия ингибиторами иммунных контрольных точек детей и подростков с рефрактерной/рецидивирующей лимфомой Ходжкина: серия клинических наблюдений</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7844-9858</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tuzova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тузова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta А. Tuzova, a hematologist</p><p>Hematology/Oncology Isolation Unit</p><p>117997; 1 Samory Mashela St.; Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елизавета Александровна Тузова, врач-гематолог</p><p>боксированное отделение гематологии/онкологии</p><p>11799; ул. Саморы Машела, 1; Москва</p></bio><email>tuzovaelizaveta97@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2801-7421</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Evstratov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евстратов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2057-2036</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pshonkin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пшонкин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7837-6890</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Korsantiya</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корсантия</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9050-7822</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fisyun</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фисюн</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7461-0050</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Litvinov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литвинов</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4779-1896</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Myakova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мякова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-04-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>159</fpage><lpage>164</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-04-18"><day>18</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-04-18"><day>18</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/849">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/849</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   Ten-year progression-free survival in children, adolescents and young adults with relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma (r/r HL) does not exceed 50 %. Brentuximab vedotin (BV) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab, are successfully used for the treatment of adults with r/r HL. In this study, we analyzed our experience of ICI treatment of children and adolescents with r/r HL. This study was retrospective and included patients with r/r HL under 18 years of age, who received ICI therapy. Twenty patients were included. All of them had been treated with BV, 35 % (n = 7) of patients had undergone auto-HSCT before treatment with ICIs. Among all patients, 45% (n = 9) received ICIs for the first refractory relapse, 40 % (n = 8) due to refractory disease progression and 15 % (n = 3) received therapy for the second relapse. Two patients received ICIs in combination with other drugs, the response to therapy in 2 patients was unknown. Nine (56 %) of 16 patients achieved a metabolic response, one patient had no evidence of vital tumor cells based on the results of a biopsy of a lesion positive on positron emission tomography, thus a response was achieved in 10 (63%) patients. The survival rate analysis included 20 patients. Median follow-up from ICIs initiation was 1.2 years (interquartile range: 0.7–1.5 years). The probability of 1-year overall survival (OS) rate reaches 69 % (95 % confidence interval (CI) 46.4–91.6), 2-year OS – 60.4 % (95 % CI 35.1–85.7), 3-year OS – 40.3 % (95 % CI 4–76.6). In this study, we demonstrated the effectiveness of the treatment with ICIs as an element of therapy in children and adolescents with r/r HL, who had not responded to previous lines of therapy, including BV. The patients' parents gave consent to the use of their children's data, including photographs, for research purposes and in publications.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>   Десятилетняя выживаемость без прогрессирования у детей, подростков и молодых взрослых с рефрактерным и рецидивирующим течением лимфомы Ходжкина (р/р ЛХ) не превышает 50 %. Брентуксимаб ведотин (БВ) и ингибиторы иммунных контрольных точек (иИКТ), такие как ниволумаб и пембролизумаб, эффективно применяются у взрослых пациентов с р/р ЛХ. В данной работе мы проанализировали опыт применения иИКТ у детей и подростков с р/р ЛХ. Исследование носило ретроспективный характер, включало пациентов с р/р ЛХ младше 18 лет (n = 20), которые получали терапию иИКТ. Все пациенты получали терапию БВ, в 35 % (n = 7) случаев проводилась аутологичная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток. Среди всех пациентов 45 % (n = 9) получали иИКТ в первом рефрактерном рецидиве, 40 % (n = 8) – из-за рефрактерной прогрессии заболевания, 15 % (n = 3) – в терапии второго рецидива. Два пациента получали иИКТ в комбинации с другими препаратами, в 2 случаях ответ на терапию был неизвестен. Девять (56 %) из 16 пациентов достигли метаболического ответа, в 1 случае по результатам проведенной биопсии очага, положительного по данным позитронно-эмиссионной томографии, опухолевое поражение не выявлено, таким образом, ответ был достигнут у 10 (63 %) пациентов. В анализ выживаемости вошли 20 человек. Медиана времени наблюдения от начала терапии иИКТ составила 1,2 года (межквартильный размах: 0,7–1,5 года). Вероятность общей выживаемости через 1 год составила 69 % (95 % доверительный интервал (ДИ) 46,4–91,6), через 2 года – 60,4 % (95 % ДИ 35,1–85,7), через 3 года – 40,3 % (95 % ДИ 4–76,6). Данное исследование демонстрирует, что иИКТ являются эффективным элементом лечения у детей и подростков с р/р ЛХ, которые не ответили на предыдущие линии терапии, включая БВ. Родители пациентов дали согласие на использование информации, в том числе фотографий детей, в научных исследованиях и публикациях.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>adolescents</kwd><kwd>immune checkpoint inhibitors</kwd><kwd>nivolumab</kwd><kwd>pembrolizumab</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рецидивирующее/рефрактерное течение лимфомы Ходжкина</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>подростки</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы иммунных контрольных точек</kwd><kwd>ниволумаб</kwd><kwd>пембролизумаб</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Not specified</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Не указан</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Connors J.M., Cozen W., Steidl C., Carbone A., Hoppe R.T., Flechtner H.H., et al. Hodgkin lymphoma. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2020; 6 (1): 61. 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