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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">853</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/1726-1708-2024-23-1-219-230</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DIAGNOSTIC GUIDELINES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИАГНОСТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Immunophenotyping in the diagnosis of acute leukemias of ambiguous lineage. The results of centralized diagnosis and practical guidelines</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Иммунофенотипирование в диагностике острых лейкозов неоднозначной линейности. Результаты централизованной диагностики и практические рекомендации</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4317-2094</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Demina</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дёмина</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Demina, PhD, MD in Clinical Laboratory Medicine</p><p>Leukemia Immunophenotyping Laboratory</p><p>117997; 1 Samory Mashela St.; Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Андреевна Дёмина, врач клинической лабораторной диагностики</p><p>лаборатория иммунофенотипирования гемобластозов</p><p>117997; ул. Саморы Машела, 1; Москва</p></bio><email>idemina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3450-0498</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Semchenkova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семченкова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9329-1828</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Verzhbitskaya</surname><given-names>T. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вержбицкая</surname><given-names>Т. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Permikin</surname><given-names>Zh. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пермикин</surname><given-names>Ж. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5220-7412</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kashpor</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кашпор</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9634-5828</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zerkalenkova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зеркаленкова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsaur</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цаур</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2352-7716</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Olshanskaya</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ольшанская</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1885-3912</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fechina</surname><given-names>L. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фечина</surname><given-names>Л. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9300-198X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karachunskiy</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карачунский</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2322-5734</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novichkova</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новичкова</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0889-6986</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Regional Children's Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ СО «Областная детская клиническая больница»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Medical Cell Technologies</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГАУЗ СО «Институт медицинских клеточных технологий»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ural State Medical University of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-04-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>219</fpage><lpage>230</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-04-19"><day>19</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-04-19"><day>19</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/853">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/853</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   Acute leukemias of ambiguous lineage (ALAL) are rare acute leukemias (AL) that exhibit specific features of more than one hematopoietic lineage or show no distinct evidence of lineage differentiation. Immunophenotyping plays a key role in the diagnosis and classification of ALAL. Despite the availability of diagnostic criteria for ALAL proposed by different expert groups, the accurate diagnosis of ALAL representing a rare and heterogeneous group of diseases remains a challenge. In this paper, we present a brief analysis of 97 pediatric ALAL cases. Such a large cohort of cases with ALAL (ALALs comprising less than 1 % of all pediatric AL) was obtained as a result of the centralized diagnosis of AL. With regard to the obtained results, we have developed the guidelines for the interpretation of the results of immunophenotyping in the diagnosis of ALAL and for the integration of findings from flow cytometry, cytomorphology and genetic testing for the accurate diagnosis and classification of this group of AL.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>   Острые лейкозы неоднозначной линейности (ОЛНЛ) – редко встречающиеся виды острых лейкозов (ОЛ), характеризующиеся специфическими признаками сразу нескольких линий гемопоэза или отсутствием четких признаков линейной дифференцировки. Иммунофенотипирование играет ключевую роль в диагностике и классификации ОЛНЛ. Несмотря на предлагаемые различными исследовательскими группами критерии определения ОЛНЛ, эта редкая и гетерогенная группа ОЛ остается крайне сложной для точной диагностики. В данной работе представлен краткий анализ 97 случаев ОЛНЛ у детей. Такая существенная выборка (ОЛНЛ составляет менее 1 % всех ОЛ детского возраста) получена по результатам централизованной диагностики ОЛ. С учетом полученных данных сформулированы рекомендации по анализу результатов иммунофенотипирования при диагностике ОЛНЛ, а также по интеграции цитометрических, цитоморфологических и генетических данных для точной диагностики и классификации этого типа ОЛ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute leukemia of ambiguous lineage</kwd><kwd>flow cytometry</kwd><kwd>immunophenotyping</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острые лейкозы неопределенной линейности</kwd><kwd>проточная цитометрия</kwd><kwd>иммунофенотипирование</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Not specified</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Не указан</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Borowitz M.J. 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