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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">902</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/1726-1708-2024-23-3-102-115</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Additional genetic aberrations detected by fluorescence <italic>in situ</italic> hybridization in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and the t(12;21)(p13;q22)/<italic>ETV6::RUNX1</italic> translocation: an association with initial clinical and laboratory findings and response to therapy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Дополнительные генетические аберрации, выявляемые методом флуоресцентной гибридизации <italic>in situ</italic>, у детей с острым лимфобластным лейкозом и транслокацией t(12;21)(p13;q22)/<italic>ETV6::RUNX1</italic>: связь с инициальными клинико-лабораторными показателями и ответом на терапию</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1533-7038</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotov</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котов</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9881-6221</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsaur</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цаур</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Grigory A. Tsaur - Dr. Med. Sci., Head of the Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Immunophenotyping and Pathomorphology at Sverdlovsk Regional Children’s CH, Head of the Laboratory of Cellular Therapy for Oncohematological Diseases at the Research Institute of Medical Cell Technologies, Associate Professor at the Chair of Medical Microbiology and Laboratory Medicine at USMU</p><p>32 S. Deryabinoy St., Ekaterinburg 620149</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Цаур Григорий Анатольевич - д-р мед. наук, заведующий лабораторией молекулярной биологии, иммунофенотипирования и патоморфологии ГАУЗ СО «Областная детская клиническая больница», заведующий лабораторией клеточной терапии онкогематологических заболеваний ГАУЗ СО «Институт медицинских клеточных технологий», доцент кафедры медицинской микробиологии и клинической лабораторной диагностики ФГБОУ ВО «Уральский ГМУ».</p><p>620149, Екатеринбург, ул. С. Дерябиной, 32</p></bio><email>tsaurga@mis66.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0174-0345</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nokhrina</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нохрина</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryakshina</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рякшина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2352-7716</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Olshanskaya</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ольшанская</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1904-4989</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Permikin</surname><given-names>Zh. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пермикин</surname><given-names>Ж. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9329-1828</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Verzhbitskaya</surname><given-names>T. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вержбицкая</surname><given-names>Т. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1324-3568</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Riger</surname><given-names>T. O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ригер</surname><given-names>Т. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0150-6471</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomarev</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарев</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Streneva</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стренева</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Arakaev</surname><given-names>O. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аракаев</surname><given-names>О. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0185-0050</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsvirenko</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цвиренко</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5250-7351</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovtun</surname><given-names>O. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковтун</surname><given-names>О. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1885-3912</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fechina</surname><given-names>L. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фечина</surname><given-names>Л. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ural State Medical University of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГАУЗ СО «Областная детская клиническая больница»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Medical Cell Technologies</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГАУЗ СО «Институт медицинских клеточных технологий»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-09-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>102</fpage><lpage>115</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-10-15"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-10-15"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/902">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/902</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Translocation t(12;21)(p13;q22)/ETV6::RUNX1 is among the most common genetic aberrations in pediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukekian (BCP-ALL). This translocation is often combined with ETV6 and/or RUNX1 copy number variations. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique, which is widely used to reveal the presence of t(12;21)(p13;q22), also allows the detection of these additional genetic aberrations (FISH patterns). The aim of this study was to provide detailed characteristics of FISH patterns in patients with BCP-ALL and the t(12;21)(p13;q22)/ETV6::RUNX1 translocation. In our study we enrolled 241 patients with t(12;21)-positive ALL who had undergone testing with a dual-color double-fusion FISH assay between 2008 and 2023. This study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee and the Academic Council of the Research Institute of Medical Cell Technologies (Ekaterinburg). A single FISH pattern (monoclonal cases) was identified in 200 patients (83.0%), 2 or more patterns (polyclonal cases) were detected in 41 (17.0%) patients. The majority of polyclonal cases (n = 39; 95.1%) exhibited 2 patterns. The most common secondary genetic alteration was ETV6 deletion (n = 105; 43.5%). Less common aberrations included an additional copy of RUNX1 (n = 97; 40.2%), a combination of ETV6 deletion and an additional copy of RUNX1 (n = 27; 11.2%), and an additional copy of ETV6 (n = 5; 2.0%). The number of the patients with one FISH pattern that did not contain any additional genetic aberrations as a result of a reciprocal translocation (2F1G1R) was relatively small (n = 35; 17.5%). We identified 5 prognostically unfavorable FISH patterns associated with a high risk of relapse. These included cases with simultaneous presence of ETV6 and RUNX1 additional copies (pattern 2F2G2R), isolated additional copies of RUNX1 (pattern 2F2R-3F2R) or ETV6 (pattern 1F1G2R-2F2G4R), a partial deletion of ETV6 (pattern 2F1Gdim1R) and a non-reciprocal translocation of t(12;21) (pattern 1F1R-1F1G1R). Grouping these unfavorable prognostic FISH patterns together made it possible to predict 6 (46%) out of 13 relapses that occurred in the patients during the study period. It is important to highlight that the number of the patients with unfavorable FISH patterns and initial leukocytosis of &gt; 30 × 109 leukocytes/L did not differ significantly from the rest of the group. Another important observation was that the patients with prognostically unfavorable FISH patterns responded well to induction therapy, as assessed both by cytological examination of blood and bone marrow smears on days 8, 15, and 36 of therapy and by MRD response at the end of induction therapy according to the ALL-MB 2015 protocol. A comparison of FISH patterns detected at initial diagnosis and at relapse showed that only 6 (50%) out of 12 cases who had undergone FISH testing at both time points remained stable. In conclusion, BCP-ALL with the translocation t(12;21)(p13;q22)/ETV6::RUNX1 was characterized by a vast variety of secondary genetic aberrations detected by FISH, the most prevalent of which was ETV6 deletion. A group of unfavorable FISH patterns identified in our study warrants further investigation in a larger cohort of ALL patients for their possible re-stratification so that they could receive more intensive treatment.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Транслокация t(12;21)(p13;q22)/<italic>ETV6::RUNX1</italic> является одной из наиболее частых генетических аберраций при остром лимфобластном лейкозе из В-линейных предшественников (BПОЛЛ) у детей. Данная транслокация часто сочетается с изменением числа копий аллей генов <italic>ETV6</italic> и <italic>RUNX1</italic>. Технология флуоресцентной гибридизации <italic>in situ</italic> (FISH), которая широко применяется для выявления t(12;21)(p13;q22), также позволяет детектировать и эти дополнительные генетические аберрации (FISH-паттерны). Целью данной работы являлась детальная характеристика FISH-паттернов у пациентов с ВП-ОЛЛ и наличием транслокации t(12;21)(p13;q22)/<italic>ETV6::RUNX1</italic>. В работу включен 241 пациент с t(12;21)позитивным ОЛЛ, которым было проведено исследование методом FISH с использованием двухцветного флуоресцентного зонда с двойным слиянием в период с 2008 по 2023 г. Данное исследование одобрено независимым этическим комитетом и утверждено решением ученого совета ГАУЗ СO «Институт медицинских клеточных технологий» (Екатеринбург). Единственный FISH-паттерн (моноклональные случаи) был выявлен в 200 (83,0%) случаях, 2 паттерна и более (поликлональные случаи) – в 41 (17,0%). Среди последних подавляющее большинство (<italic>n</italic> = 39; 95,1%) имели по 2 паттерна. Наиболее распространенным вторичным генетическим изменением оказалась делеция <italic>ETV6</italic> (<italic>n</italic> = 105; 43,5%). Несколько реже выявляли дополнительную копию <italic>RUNX1</italic> (<italic>n</italic> = 97; 40,2%), сочетание делеции <italic>ETV6</italic> и дополнительной копии <italic>RUNX1 </italic>(<italic>n</italic> = 27; 11,2%), а также дополнительную копию <italic>ETV6</italic> (<italic>n</italic> = 5; 2,0%). Доля пациентов с одним FISHпаттерном, который не содержал дополнительных генетических изменений и был следствием стандартной реципрокной транслокации (2F1G1R), оказалась относительно небольшой (<italic>n</italic> = 35; 17,5%). Были выявлены 5 прогностически неблагоприятных FISH-паттернов, ассоциированных с высоким риском рецидива. В их число входили случаи с одновременным наличием дополнительных копий <italic>ETV6</italic> и <italic>RUNX1</italic> (паттерн 2F2G2R), а также с изолированными дополнительными копиями <italic>RUNX1</italic> (паттерн 2F2R-3F2R) или <italic>ETV6</italic> (паттерн 1F1G2R-2F2G4R), частичной делецией <italic>ETV6</italic> (паттерн 2F1Gdim1R) и нереципрокной транслокацией t(12;21) (паттерн 1F1R-1F1G1R). Объединение этих прогностически неблагоприятных FISH-паттернов в 1 группу позволило спрогнозировать 6 (46%) из 13 рецидивов, развившихся у пациентов, включенных в анализ, за исследуемый период. Важно подчеркнуть, что доля пациентов с неблагоприятными FISH-паттернами и инициальным лейкоцитозом выше 30 × 10<sup>9</sup>/л достоверно не отличалась от остальной группы пациентов. Еще одним важным наблюдением являлось то, что пациенты с прогностически неблагоприятными FISH-паттернами хорошо отвечали на индукционную терапию как по данным цитологического исследования крови и костного мозга на 8, 15 и 36-й дни терапии, так и по результатам определения минимальной остаточной болезни на момент окончания индукционной терапии по протоколу ALL-MB 2015. Сравнение паттернов на этапах первичной диагностики и диагностики рецидива показало, что только 6 (50%) из 12 оцениваемых случаев, которым было проведено FISH-исследование в обеих точках наблюдения, сохранили стабильность. Таким образом, ВП-ОЛЛ с транслокацией t(12;21)(p13;q22)<italic>/ETV6::RUNX1 </italic>характеризуется большим разнообразием вторичных генетических вариантов, выявляемых с помощью метода FISH, наиболее частой из которых является делеция <italic>ETV6</italic>. Выявленная нами группа прогностически неблагоприятных FISН-паттернов требует дальнейшего изучения на большей когорте пациентов в целях возможной их рестратификации для более интенсивного лечения.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute lymphoblastic leukemia</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>t(12</kwd><kwd>21)(p13</kwd><kwd>q22) translocation</kwd><kwd>ETV6::RUNX1</kwd><kwd>fluorescence in situ hybridization</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острый лимфобластный лейкоз</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>транслокация t(12</kwd><kwd>21)(p13</kwd><kwd>q22)</kwd><kwd>ETV6::RUNX1</kwd><kwd>флуоресцентная гибридизация in situ</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Не указан</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Ford A.M., Bennett C.A., Price C.M., Bruin M.C., Van Wering E.R., Greaves M., et al. 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