Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and ImmunopathologyPediatric Hematology/Oncology and ImmunopathologyВопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии1726-17082414-9314Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children90610.24287/j.906WGCUVBLITERATURE REVIEWОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫReview ArticleIssues of diagnosis, preoperative planning and radical nephrectomy in pediatric renal tumorsВопросы диагностики, предоперационного планирования и органоуносящих операций при опухолях почек у детейhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6684-5423PavlushinPavel M.ПавлушинПавел Михайлович
Russian Federation

a pediatric surgeon at the Pediatric Surgery Department of Novosibirsk State Regional Clinical Hospital; an Assistant Professor at the Department of Hospital and Pediatric Surgery of Novosibirsk State Medical University

врач-детский хирург отделения детской хирургии ГБУЗ НСО «Государственная Новосибирская областная клиническая больница»; ассистент кафедры госпитальной и детской хирургии ФГБОУ ВО «Новосибирский государственный медицинский университет»

pavlushinpav@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1387-209XAkhaladzeD. G.АхаладзеД. Г.
Russian Federation
pavlushinpav@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4451-3233GrachevN. S.ГрачевН. С.
Russian Federation
pavlushinpav@mail.ruNovosibirsk State Regional Clinical HospitalГБУЗ НСО «Государственная Новосибирская областная клиническая больница»Novosibirsk State Medical UniversityФГБОУ ВО «Новосибирский государственный медицинский университет»The Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian FederationФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России22102025131220252431561632110202421092025Copyright ©; 2025, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»Copyright ©; 2025, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России2025«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава Россииhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/906

Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor) is the most common kidney tumor in children, accounting for up to 90% of all pediatric renal tumors. The current approach to the treatment of these tumors is based on two international treatment protocols: SIOP (International Society of Pediatric Oncology) and COG (Children’s Oncology Group), which establish standards for diagnosis, preoperative preparation, chemotherapy, and surgical treatment of kidney tumors in children. Despite the rapid introduction of chemotherapeutic agents and significant advances in radiation therapy, surgical intervention remains the primary method for treating solid renal neoplasms in pediatric patients. Due to the surgical risks related to recurrence, radical nephrectomy has long been the standard surgical procedure. However, the accumulated clinical experience has shown that this approach may lead to chronic kidney disease in a subset of patients, which has driven the development of organ-preserving surgical techniques. This publication presents a contemporary overview of pediatric kidney tumors, including approaches to diagnosis and preoperative planning, as well as an analysis of treatment strategies, and discusses the role of nephrectomy as a key surgical intervention. Special attention is paid to minimizing surgical risks, optimizing treatment outcomes, and improving patients’ long-term quality of life.

Нефробластома (опухоль Вильмса) является наиболее распространенным новообразованием почек в детском возрасте, составляя до 90% всех случаев опухолевых заболеваний почек у детей. Современный подход к лечению этих новообразований опирается на 2 международных клинических протокола: SIOP (International Society of Pediatric Oncology) и COG (Children’s Oncology Group), которые определяют стандарты диагностики, предоперационной подготовки, химиотерапевтического и оперативного лечения опухолей почек у детей. Однако, несмотря на динамичное внедрение химиотерапевтических препаратов, значительный прогресс в лучевой терапии, хирургические вмешательства сохраняют роль ведущего метода в лечении солидных новообразований почек у детей. Ввиду хирургических рисков рецидива на протяжении длительного времени стандартным оперативным приемом выступала радикальная нефрэктомия. Однако накопленный опыт показал, что данный подход у определенной группы пациентов приводит к хронической почечной недостаточности, что стимулирует развитие органосохраняющих хирургических методик. В данной публикации продемонстрированы современное представление об опухолях почек у детей, подходы к диагностике и предоперационному планированию, анализ стратегий лечения, а также рассмотрены роль нефрэктомии как ключевого метода оперативного вмешательства и ее влияние на качество жизни пациентов.

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