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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">935</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/1726-1708-2025-24-2-130-139</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">YVMIDT</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE REVIEW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Congenital dyserythropoietic anemias</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Врожденные дизэритропоэтические анемии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6734-0331</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8726-2262</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klyukhin</surname><given-names>Vladislav V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клюхин</surname><given-names>Владислав Валерьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nccxbak@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2756-7325</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3723-7536</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smetanina</surname><given-names>Natalia S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сметанина</surname><given-names>Наталия Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>nataliya.smetanina@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-09-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>130</fpage><lpage>139</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-25"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-08-04"><day>04</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/935">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/935</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Congenital dyserythropoietic anemias (CDAs) is a rare group of inherited anemias characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis and pronounced morphological abnormalities in erythroid precursors in the bone marrow. There are several CDA (I–IV) types, each associated with specific mutations in genes such as CDAN1, C15orf41, SEC23B, KIF23, and KLF1, leading to variable phenotypic manifestations. CDA type II is the most common variant among all CDAs and presents with normocytic anemia of varying severity, jaundice, and splenomegaly. The diagnosis of these genetically determined conditions is based on molecular genetic testing and morphological identification of specific abnormalities in erythroid precursors, with each type of CDA showing distinctive features, such as the presence of internuclear chromatin bridges in CDA type I and erythroblasts with two or more nuclei in CDA type II. Current treatment approaches play primarily a supportive role and include blood component transfusions, monitoring, and correction of iron overload. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is currently the only curative option for patients with CDA. Overall, the prognosis for this category of patients is favorable; however, the challenge lies in the heterogeneity of clinical and laboratory manifestations, which often makes it difficult to establish a definitive diagnosis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Врожденные дизэритропоэтические анемии (congenital dyserythropoietic anemia, CDA) представляют собой редкую группу наследственных анемий, характеризующихся неэффективным эритропоэзом и выраженными морфологическими аномалиями в эритроидных предшественниках в костном мозге. Существует несколько типов CDA (I–IV), каждый из которых связан со специфическими мутациями в таких генах, как CDAN1, C15orf41, SEC23B, KIF23 и KLF1, что приводит к вариабельным фенотипическим проявлениям. CDA II типа является наиболее распространенным вариантом среди всех CDA и проявляется нормоцитарной анемией различной степени тяжести, желтухой и спленомегалией. Диагностика этих генетически детерминированных состояний основана на молекулярно-генетическом тестировании и морфологической идентификации специфических аномалий в эритроидных предшественниках, при этом каждый тип CDA демонстрирует отличительные особенности, такие как наличие межъядерных хроматиновых мостиков при I типе и эритробластов с 2 ядрами и более при II типе. Современные подходы к лечению играют в основном поддерживающую роль и включают в себя переливание компонентов крови, мониторинг и коррекцию перегрузки железом. Трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток на сегодняшний день является единственной излечивающей опцией для пациентов с CDA. В целом прогноз у данной категории пациентов благоприятный, однако проблема состоит в гетерогенности клинико-лабораторных проявлений, что нередко затрудняет постановку окончательного диагноза.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>congenital dyserythropoietic anemias</kwd><kwd>genes</kwd><kwd>erythroid precursors</kwd><kwd>dyserythropoiesis</kwd><kwd>hemolytic anemia</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>врожденные дизэритропоэтические анемии</kwd><kwd>гены</kwd><kwd>эритроидные предшественники</kwd><kwd>дизэритропоэз</kwd><kwd>гемолитическая анемия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена без спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khincha P., Savage S. Neonatal manifestations of inherited bone marrowfailure syndromes. 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