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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">938</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/j.938</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">EDVALS</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Eosinophilia and allergic reactions during immunotherapy with dinutuximab beta in patients with neuroblastoma</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эозинофилия и аллергические реакции в ходе проведения иммунотерапии динутуксимабом бета у пациентов с нейробластомой</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3533-7108</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bykova</surname><given-names>Anna V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Быкова</surname><given-names>Анна Витальевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>a pediatric oncologist at the Department of Oncology and Pediatric Surgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-детский онколог отделения онкологии и детской хирургии</p></bio><email>anna.bykova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5626-218X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreeva</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреева</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anna.bykova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1698-2956</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Oganesyan</surname><given-names>R. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оганесян</surname><given-names>Р. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anna.bykova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8578-6572</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sidorov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сидоров</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anna.bykova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9927-8445</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anna.bykova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7479-0007</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Utalieva</surname><given-names>D. T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уталиева</surname><given-names>Д. Т.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anna.bykova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4042-0125</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Teleshova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Телешова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anna.bykova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2670-547X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zatsarinnaya</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зацаринная</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anna.bykova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9625-8625</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnova</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнова</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anna.bykova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9654-084X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Moiseenko</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Моисеенко</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anna.bykova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-191X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stradomskaya</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Страдомская</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anna.bykova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3704-8783</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kachanov</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Качанов</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anna.bykova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3767-4477</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shamanskaya</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаманская</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anna.bykova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-10-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>61</fpage><lpage>69</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-01-14"><day>14</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-09-16"><day>16</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/938">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/938</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Over the past two decades, immunotherapy has become the standard of treatment for some solid malignancies in children including neuroblastoma (NB). It is a relatively safe treatment modality if appropriate supportive care is provided. However, like other treatments, immunotherapy can result in a unique toxicity profile that requires timely interpretation and appropriate management. One of the described side effects is eosinophilia that in some cases can be accompanied by adverse events affecting various organs and systems. Mechanisms of injury, critical target organs, and approaches to management are still understudied.</p> <p><bold>Aim</bold> – to study the relationship between increased peripheral blood eosinophil counts and adverse events including clinical symptoms of acute tonsillitis developing during immunotherapy with dinutuximab beta in patients with NB. Being a retrospective analysis, this study did not require approval from the local Ethics Committee.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> We retrospectively analyzed the medical history and clinical and laboratory data of 40 patients with NB who had undergone immunotherapy with dinutuximab beta as first- or second-line treatment at the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center from 2019 to 2023.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Eosinophilia was seen to develop between immunotherapy cycles and was accompanied by skin reactions in 47.5% of cases (in 19/40 patients) and by itchiness (14/40), bronchial obstruction syndrome (14/40) or acute tonsillitis (14/40) – in 35% of cases. From сycle to cycle, there was a tendency towards a decrease in maximum absolute eosinophil count as well as in the incidence of itchiness. At the same time, skin reactions and acute tonsillitis developed almost as frequently in the following cycles. A comparison of clinical symptoms with laboratory data revealed that eosinophilia was significantly correlated only with acute tonsillitis (<italic>p </italic>&lt; 0.05). In this study, we investigated potential causes of this condition. We reported a clinical case of acute tonsillitis that had developed during immunotherapy with dinutuximab beta confirming the hypothesis about the potential infiltration of the tonsils by eosinophils.</p> <p><bold>Conclusions.</bold> One of the side effects of immunotherapy with dinutuximab beta in NB patients is non-infectious tonsillitis which can be confirmed by a histological analysis showing morphological features of eosinophilic infiltration of the palatine tonsils. A differential diagnosis between this condition and infections as well as careful monitoring of patients treated with dinutuximab beta is required for timely identification and correct interpretation of adverse reactions.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> За последние два десятилетия иммунотерапия стала стандартом лечения некоторых солидных злокачественных новообразований у детей, в том числе нейробластомы (НБ). Ее проведение является относительно безопасным методом лечения при правильно подобранной сопроводительной терапии. Однако, как и другие методы лечения, иммунотерапия может приводить к уникальному профилю токсичности и требовать своевременной интерпретации и правильной коррекции. Одним из описанных побочных эффектов является развитие эозинофилии, в ряде случаев сопровождающейся развитием нежелательных явлений со стороны различных органов и систем. Механизмы поражения, критические органы-мишени и подходы к коррекции до сих пор остаются малоизученными.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> – изучить взаимосвязь между подъемом уровня эозинофилов в периферической крови и развитием нежелательных явлений, в том числе с клиникой острого тонзиллита, во время иммунотерапии динутуксимабом бета у пациентов с НБ.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Проведен ретроспективный анализ анамнестических, клинических и лабораторных данных 40 пациентов с НБ, получивших иммунотерапию динутуксимабом бета в первой/второй линии в НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева за период с 2019 по 2023 г. В исследовании представлен ретроспективный анализ, одобрения локального этического комитета не требовалось.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Нами отмечено появление эозинофилии между курсами иммунотерапии, сопровождающееся, как правило, кожными реакциями в 47,5% (19/40) случаев, зудом (14/40), бронхообструктивным синдромом (14/40) и развитием острого тонзиллита (14/40) – по 35% случаев. От курса к курсу отмечена тенденция к снижению максимального уровня абсолютного числа эозинофилов и частоты зуда, напротив, значимого снижения частоты кожных реакций и острого тонзиллита на последующих курсах отмечено не было. При сопоставлении клинической картины с лабораторными данными статистически значимая связь эозинофилии была получена только для когорты пациентов с клиникой острого тонзиллита (<italic>p </italic>&lt; 0,05). В ходе исследования рассмотрены различные варианты причин данного состояния. Описан клинический случай течения острого тонзиллита на фоне проведения иммунотерапии динутуксимабом бета, подтверждающий гипотезу о возможной инфильтрации миндалин эозинофилами.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Одним из побочных эффектов иммунотерапии динутуксимабом бета у пациентов с НБ является развитие тонзиллита неинфекционной этиологии, что подтверждается морфологической картиной инфильтрации небных миндалин эозинофилами. Данное состояние требует проведения дифференциального диагноза с инфекционными процессами и тщательного наблюдения за пациентами, получающими иммунотерапию динутуксимабом бета, в целях своевременного выявления и правильной интерпретации нежелательных реакций.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>eosinophils</kwd><kwd>eosinophilia</kwd><kwd>tonsillitis</kwd><kwd>immunotherapy</kwd><kwd>neuroblastoma</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эозинофилы</kwd><kwd>эозинофилия</kwd><kwd>тонзиллит</kwd><kwd>иммунотерапия</kwd><kwd>нейробластома</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Balaguer J., García Hidalgo L., Hladun R., Márquez Vega C., Pérez Alonso V. Recent evidence-based clinical guide for the use of dinutuximab beta in pediatric patients with neuroblastoma. Target Oncol 2023; 18 (1): 77–93. 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