Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and ImmunopathologyPediatric Hematology/Oncology and ImmunopathologyВопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии1726-17082414-9314Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children94210.24287/j.942YCKQWILITERATURE REVIEWОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫReview ArticleHepatocellular carcinoma in children and adolescents: current statusГепатоцеллюлярная карцинома у детей и подростков: современное состояние проблемыhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3864-7403BabakhanovaSevil B.БабахановаСевиль Бабахановна
Russian Federation

a pediatric oncologist

врач-детский онколог

dr.sevil@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1387-209XAkhaladzeD. G.АхаладзеД. Г.
Russian Federation
dr.sevil@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9450-125XRabaevaL. L.РабаеваЛ. Л.
Russian Federation
dr.sevil@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-0473-0310MinnullinM. M.МиннуллинМ. М.
Russian Federation
dr.sevil@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3704-8783KachanovD. Yu.КачановД. Ю.
Russian Federation
dr.sevil@yandex.ruThe Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian FederationФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России09092025131220252431711861801202509092025Copyright ©; 2025, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»Copyright ©; 2025, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России2025«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава Россииhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/942

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a very rare primary liver tumor in children and adolescents associated with an aggressive clinical course and unfavorable prognosis. The five-year overall survival rate for unresectable tumors is less than 20%, which underscores the importance of early diagnosis and radical surgery. This review is dedicated to current issues and challenges in the treatment of pediatric HCC. Here, we provided epidemiological data including information on risk factors for HCC and discussed molecular and genetic features of the tumor, its diagnosis and extent assessment. We also included HCC treatment outcomes from prospective clinical trials as well as current standards of therapy in children and adolescents. Finally, special attention was paid to an analysis of results of various surgical treatments including resections and liver transplantation. We reported low tumor sensitivity to standard chemotherapy and discussed innovative approaches to disease management in patients with unresectable tumors as well as contemplated the prospect of using targeted and immunotherapy in pediatric patients. The review also highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, timely diagnosis, and the introduction of innovative treatments for the improvement of therapy outcomes.

Гепатоцеллюлярная карцинома (ГЦК) – очень редкая первичная опухоль печени у детей и подростков, характеризующаяся агрессивным клиническим течением и неблагоприятным прогнозом. Пятилетняя общая выживаемость при нерезектабельных опухолях составляет менее 20%, что подчеркивает значимость ранней диагностики и радикального хирургического лечения. Настоящий обзор посвящен актуальным проблемам в лечении педиатрической ГЦК. В статье рассмотрены вопросы эпидемиологии, включая факторы риска по развитию ГЦК, молекулярно-генетические характеристики опухоли, особенности диагностики и оценки распространенности процесса при ГЦК. Представлены результаты лечения ГЦК в рамках проспективных клинических исследований, а также текущие стандарты терапии у детей и подростков. Отдельное внимание уделено анализу результатов различных вариантов хирургического лечения, включая резекции и трансплантацию печени. Отмечена низкая чувствительность опухоли к стандартной химиотерапии, обсуждены инновационные подходы контроля заболевания у пациентов с нерезектабельной опухолью. Проанализированы перспективы использования таргетной и иммунотерапии у педиатрических пациентов. В обзоре также подчеркнута важность мультидисциплинарного подхода, своевременной диагностики и внедрения инновационных методов лечения для улучшения результатов терапии.

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