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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">950</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/1726-1708-2025-24-1-66-77</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The prognostic value of <italic>FLT3</italic>-ITD in different cytogenetic and molecular genetic subgroups of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Прогностическое значение внутренних тандемных дупликаций в гене <italic>FLT3</italic> в различных цитогенетических и молекулярно-генетических подгруппах острого миелоидного лейкоза у детей</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0098-919X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Itov</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Итов</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Albert B. Itov - MD in Clinical Laboratory Medicine of the Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics.</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., 117997, Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Итов Альберт Баширович - врач клинической лабораторной диагностики лаборатории цитогенетики и молекулярной генетики.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><email>albertitov03@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2352-7716</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Olshanskaya</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ольшанская</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Вячеславовна Ольшанская</p><p>Москва</p></bio><email>Yuliya.Olshanskaya@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0813-5626</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinina</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калинина</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Игоревна Калинина</p><p>Москва</p></bio><email>Irina.Kalinina@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9634-5828</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zerkalenkova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зеркаленкова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Александровна Зеркаленкова</p><p>Москва</p></bio><email>elena.zerkalenkova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3277-9018</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaskova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаськова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марина Владимировна Гаськова</p><p>Москва</p></bio><email>marina.gaskova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1085-4646</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazakova</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казакова</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Николаевна Казакова</p><p>Москва</p></bio><email>anna.kazakova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7755-0228</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Soldatkina</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солдаткина</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Ивановна Солдаткина</p><p>Москва</p></bio><email>olga.soldatkina@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0183-1530</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Venyov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Венёв</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Александрович Венёв</p><p>Москва</p></bio><email>dmitriy.venev@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9533-6583</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bankole</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Банколе</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ванесса Адетунджиновна Банколе</p><p>Москва</p></bio><email>vanessa.bankole@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9881-6221</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsaur</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цаур</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Григорий Анатольевич Цаур</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><email>tsaur@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8228-4876</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dubrovina</surname><given-names>M. Е.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дубровина</surname><given-names>М. Э.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мария Эдуардовна Дубровина</p><p>Москва</p></bio><email>Maria.Dubrovina@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3450-0498</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Валерьевна Михайлова</p><p>Москва</p></bio><email>ekaterina.mikhailova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1239-4068</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Azatyan</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Азатян</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7578-9657</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronin</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронин</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кирилл Александрович Воронин</p><p>Москва</p></bio><email>kirill.voronin@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4503-0735</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Plyasunova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плясунова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Александровна Плясунова</p><p>Москва</p></bio><email>Svetlana.Plyasunova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0889-6986</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Михайлович Попов</p><p>Москва</p></bio><email>alexandr.popov@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maschan</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масчан</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Александрович Масчан</p><p>Москва</p></bio><email>Michael.Maschan@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Popa</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попа</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Валентинович Попа</p><p>Москва</p></bio><email>aleksandr.popa@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2322-5734</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novichkova</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новичкова</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галина Анатольевна Новичкова</p><p>Москва</p></bio><email>Galina.Novichkova@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0016-6698</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maschan</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масчан</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Александрович Масчан</p><p>Москва</p></bio><email>Aleksey.Maschan@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Regional Children's Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ СО «Областная детская клиническая больница»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Medical Cell Technologies</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГАУЗ СО «Институт медицинских клеточных технологий»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ural State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>77</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-01-29"><day>29</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-02-25"><day>25</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/950">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/950</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Internal tandem duplications in the <italic>FLT3</italic> gene (<italic>FLT3</italic>-ITD) are common in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in adults (25–35%) and less common in children (15–17%) and, in the absence of therapy with specific inhibitors, are predictors of a poor prognosis. However, this unfavorable impact has been demonstrated mainly in AML with a normal karyotype in the absence of mutations in the <italic>NPM1</italic> gene, or in the presence of a combination of mutations in the <italic>NPM1</italic> gene and <italic>FLT3</italic>-ITD with a high allele ratio (&gt; 0.5). Our study shows a high genetic heterogeneity in the patients with <italic>FLT3</italic>-ITD and its unfavorable prognostic impact in all the AML subgroups. The presence of <italic>FLT3</italic>-ITD worsens disease outcomes in the group of patients with a normal karyotype (the 2-year event-free survival (EFS) – 32%, overall survival (OS) – 55%), irrespective of the ratio of mutated to wild-type allele and the presence of mutations in the <italic>NPM1</italic> gene. In the group of patients with markers of a favorable prognosis, the presence of <italic>FLT3</italic>ITD was associated with reduced rates of the 2-year EFS (45%; 95% CI 26–78%) and OS (43%; 95%CI 22–83%), as well as with the resistance to FLT3 inhibitors during relapse therapy. In the groups of patients with intermediate and unfavorable risk markers, the presence of <italic>FLT3</italic>-ITD was associated with a high resistance to induction therapy (57.9% and 55%, respectively). However, the addition of FLT3 kinase inhibitors to salvage therapy and a high rate of first-line hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in combination with FLT3 inhibitors as maintenance therapy in these groups significantly improved the 2-year OS rate (68% vs 62%, respectively). The study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee and the Scientific Council of the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Внутренние тандемные дупликации в гене <italic>FLT3</italic> (<italic>FLT3</italic>-ITD) часто встречаются при остром миелоидном лейкозе (ОМЛ) у взрослых (25–35%), реже у детей (15–17%) и при отсутствии терапии специфическими ингибиторами являются предикторами неблагоприятного прогноза. Однако это неблагоприятное влияние было продемонстрировано в основном при ОМЛ с нормальным кариотипом при отсутствии мутаций в гене <italic>NPM1</italic> или при сочетании мутаций в гене <italic>NPM1</italic> и <italic>FLT3</italic>-ITD с высокой аллельной нагрузкой (&gt; 0,5). Наше исследование показывает высокую генетическую гетерогенность пациентов с <italic>FLT3</italic>-ITD и ее неблагоприятное прогностическое влияние во всех подгруппах ОМЛ. Наличие <italic>FLT3</italic>-ITD ухудшает исход заболевания в группе пациентов с нормальным кариотипом (2-летняя бессобытийная выживаемость (БСВ) – 32%, общая выживаемость (ОВ) – 55%) независимо от соотношения мутированного и интактного аллелей и наличия мутаций в гене <italic>NPM1</italic>. В группе с маркерами благоприятного прогноза наличие <italic>FLT3</italic>-ITD по сравнению с таковыми без <italic>FLT3</italic>-ITD ассоциировано со сниженными показателями 2-летней БСВ – 45% (95% доверительный интервал 26–78) и ОВ – 43% (95% доверительный интервал 22–83), а также с резистентностью к FLT3-ингибиторам при проведении противорецидивной терапии. В группах с маркерами промежуточного и неблагоприятного риска наличие <italic>FLT3</italic>-ITD ассоциировано с высокой резистентностью к индукционной терапии (57,9% и 55% соответственно). Однако добавление ингибиторов FLT3-киназы к «терапии спасения» и высокий процент проведения в этих группах трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток в первой линии в комбинации с FLT3-ингибиторами в качестве поддерживающей терапии значительно улучшили показатели 2-летней ОВ (68% против 62%). Данное исследование одобрено независимым этическим комитетом и утверждено решением ученого совета ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute myeloid leukemia</kwd><kwd>FLT3-ITD</kwd><kwd>hematopoietic stem cell transplantation</kwd><kwd>FLT3-inhibitors</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острый миелоидный лейкоз</kwd><kwd>внутренние тандемные дупликации в гене FLT3</kwd><kwd>трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток</kwd><kwd>FLT3-ингибиторы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено при поддержке фонда «Наука – детям»</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">1.	Ley T.J., Miller C., Ding L.,Raphael B.J., Mungall A.J., Robertson A., et al. Genomic and epigenomic landscapes of adult de novo acute myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med 2013; 368 (22): 2059–74. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1301689. 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