<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">960</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/1726-1708-2025-24-1-14-25</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Preliminary results of treatment of intermediate-risk patients according to the AML-MRD-2018 protocol</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Предварительные результаты терапии пациентов группы промежуточного риска по протоколу ОМЛ-MRD-2018</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9335-5286</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilyeva</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильева</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria S. Vasilyeva - a hematologist at the Hematology/Oncology Isolation Unit.</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., 117997, Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Васильева Мария Сергеевна - врач-гематолог боксированного отделения гематологии/онкологии.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><email>vmarie97@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0813-5626</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinina</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калинина</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0183-1530</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Venyov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Венёв</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1719-1726</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedeva</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедева</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9533-6583</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bankole</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Банколе</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6314-2132</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abashidze</surname><given-names>Z. А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абашидзе</surname><given-names>З. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0143-1921</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleinikova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алейникова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2352-7716</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Olshanskaya</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ольшанская</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9634-5828</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zerkalenkova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зеркаленкова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3277-9018</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaskova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаськова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0098-919X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Itov</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Итов</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0889-6986</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3450-0498</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5220-7412</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kashpor</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кашпор</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4503-0735</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Plyasunova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плясунова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8228-4876</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dubrovina</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дубровина</surname><given-names>М. Э.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6271-7435</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Konyukhova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Конюхова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7578-9657</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronin</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронин</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7265-0414</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khachatryan</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хачатрян</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7130-8596</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Baydildina</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Байдильдина</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9881-6221</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsaur</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цаур</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1885-3912</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fechina</surname><given-names>L. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фечина</surname><given-names>Л. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yekaterinburg</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5318-8033</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Popa</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попа</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0016-6698</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maschan</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масчан</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2322-5734</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novichkova</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новичкова</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Regional Children's Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГАУЗ СО «Областная детская клиническая больница»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>14</fpage><lpage>25</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-17"><day>17</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-02-25"><day>25</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/960">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/960</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the past decades, significant advancements have been made in the treatment of children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with the introduction of more effective treatment regimens, extended indications for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as well as better supportive therapy and prophylaxis of infectious complications. Nevertheless, an improvement in treatment outcomes is still an important goal. One of the key ways to enhance treatment effectiveness is risk stratification of AML patients based on molecular and genetic characteristics of the disease. A multicenter treatment protocol (the AML-MRD-2018 protocol) was developed at the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation. Our study includes 525 patients from 54 Russian hospitals who underwent treatment from November 2018 to December 2023. A total of 205 patients with a median age of 8.9 years (1 month – 17.6 years) were re-stratified to the intermediate-risk group. The 3-year overall and event-free survival for this group was 77% and 47%, respectively. The patients with biallelic CEBPA (dCEBPA) mutations had the most favorable prognosis. In the intermediate-risk group, early death before remission occurred in 6% of the patients; 8% of the patients died in first remission. Death of progressive disease occurred in 32% of all the deceased patients. The study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee and the Scientific Council of the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>За последние десятилетия достигнуты значительные успехи в терапии острого миелоидного лейкоза (ОМЛ) у детей, что связано с внедрением более эффективных схем лечения, расширением показаний для трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток, а также улучшением сопроводительной терапии и профилактики инфекционных осложнений. Тем не менее улучшение результатов терапии остается важнейшей задачей. Одним из ключевых аспектов повышения эффективности терапии является стратификация пациентов на группы риска на основе молекулярно-генетических характеристик заболевания. В ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России был разработан мультицентровый протокол лечения ОМЛ-MRD-2018. Исследование охватывает 525 пациентов из 54 медицинских организаций России, получавших терапию с ноября 2018 г. по декабрь 2023 г. К группе промежуточного риска по результатам рестратификации отнесены 205 пациентов с медианой возраста 8,9 года (1 месяц – 17,6 года). Общая и бессобытийная 3-летняя выживаемость для исследуемой группы составила 77% и 47% соответственно. Наиболее благоприятной оказалась группа пациентов с биаллельной мутацией в гене CEBPA (dCEBPA). Ранняя смерть до ремиссии в группе промежуточного риска составила 6%, смерть в первой ремиссии – 8% и смерть от прогрессии – 32% среди умерших пациентов. Данное исследование одобрено независимым этическим комитетом и утверждено решением ученого совета ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>acute myeloid leukemia</kwd><kwd>therapy</kwd><kwd>AML-MRD-2018 protocol</kwd><kwd>intermediate-risk group</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>острый миелоидный лейкоз</kwd><kwd>терапия</kwd><kwd>протокол ОМЛ-MRD-2018</kwd><kwd>группа промежуточного риска</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проведено при поддержке фонда «Наука – детям»</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Reinhardt D., Antoniou E., Waack K. Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia – Past, Present, and Future. J Clin Med 2022; 11 (3): 504.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Elgarten C.W., Aplenc R. Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia: Updates on biology, risk stratification, and therapy. Curr Opin Pediatr 2020; 32 (1): 57–66.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Shallis R.M., Wang R., Davidoff A., Ma X., Zeidan A.M. Epidemiology of acute myeloid leukemia: Recent progress and enduring challenges. Blood Rev 2019; 36: 70–87.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalinina I.I., Mas- chan A.A., Olshanskaya Yu.V., et al. Diagnosis and treatment of acute myeloid leukemia in children: a study guide. М.: D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation; 2021. 104 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Калинина И.И., Масчан А.А., Ольшанская Ю.В. и др. Диагностика и лечение острого миелоидного лейкоза у детей: учебное пособие. М.: ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России; 2021. 104 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Czogała M., Balwierz W., Pawińska-Wąsikowska K., Książek T., Bukowska-Strakova K., Czogała W., et al. Advances in the first line treatment of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia in the polish pediatric leukemia and lymphoma study group from 1983 to 2019. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13 (18): 4536.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Bonaventure A., Harewood R., Stiller C.A., Gatta G., Clavel J., Stefan D.C., et al. Worldwide comparison of survival from childhood leukaemia for 1995–2009, by subtype, age, and sex (CONCORD-2): a population-based study of individual data for 89 828 children from 198 registries in 53 countries. Lancet Haematol 2017: 4 (5): e202–17.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Burnett A.K., Hills R.K., Russell N. Twenty five years of UK trials in acute myeloid leukaemia: what have we learned? Br J Haematol 2020; 188 (1): 86–100.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Rasche M., Zimmermann M., Steidel E., Alonzo T., Aplenc R., Bourquin J.-P., et al. Survival following relapse in children with acute myeloid leukemia: A report from AMLBFM and COG. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13 (10): 2336.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Egan G., Chopra Y., Mourad S., Chiang K.-Y., Hitzler J. Treatment of acute myeloid leukemia in children: A practical perspective. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2021; 68 (7): e28979.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalinina I.I., Venyov D.A., Olshanskaya Yu.V., Sadovskaya M.N., Goronkova O.V., Salimova T.Yu., et al. The outcomes of children with acute myeloid leukemia treated in accordance with the AML–MM-2006 protocol. Pediatric Hematology/ Oncology and Immunopathology 2022; 21 (1): 20–35. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.24287/1726-1708-2022-211-20-35</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Калинина И.И., Венёв Д.А., Ольшанская Ю.В., Садовская М.Н., Горонкова О.В., Салимова Т.Ю. и др. Результаты терапии детей с острым миелоидным лейкозом, получивших терапию по протоколу ОМЛ-ММ-2006. Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии 2022; 21 (1): 20–35. DOI: 10.24287/1726-1708-2022-211-20-35</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Khoury J.D., Solary E., Abla O., Akkari Y., Alaggio R., Apperley J.F., et al. The 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours: Myeloid and Histiocytic/Dendritic Neoplasms. Leukemia 2022; 36 (7): 1703–19.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Vujkovic M., Attiyeh E.F., Ries R.E., Goodman E.K., Ding Y., Kavcic M., et al. Genomic architecture and treatment outcome in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia: A Children’s Oncology Group report. Blood 2017; 129 (23): 3051–8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arber D.A., Orazi A., Hasserjian R.P., Borowitz M.J., Calvo K.R., Kva- snicka H.-M., et al. International Consensus Classification of Myeloid Neoplasms and Acute Leukemias: integrating morphologic, clinical, and genomic data. Blood 2022; 140 (11): 1200–28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arber D.A., Orazi A., Hasserjian R.P., Borowitz M.J., Calvo K.R., Kvasnicka H.-M., et al. International Consensus Classification of Myeloid Neoplasms and Acute Leukemias: integrating morphologic, clinical, and genomic data. Blood 2022; 140 (11): 1200–28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rubnib J.E., Razzouk B.I., Len- sing S., Pounds S., Pui C.-H., Ribeiro R.C. Prognostic factors and outcome of recurrence in childhood acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer 2007; 109 (1): 157–63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rubnib J.E., Razzouk B.I., Lensing S., Pounds S., Pui C.-H., Ribeiro R.C. Prognostic factors and outcome of recurrence in childhood acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer 2007; 109 (1): 157–63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Kelly M.J., Horan J.T., Alonzo T.A., Eapen M., Gerbing R.B., He W., et al. Comparable survival for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia with poorrisk cytogenetics following chemotherapy, matched related donor, or unrelated donor transplantation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014; 61 (2): 269–75.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Popov A.M., Verzhbitskaya T.Yu., Movchan L.V., Demina I.A., Mikhailova E.V., Semchenkova A.A., et al. Flow cytometry in acute leukemia diagnostics. Guidelines of Russian-Belarusian multicenter group for pediatric leukemia studies. Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology 2023; 22 (1): 165–77. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.24287/1726-1708-202322-1-165-177</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Попов А.М., Вержбицкая Т.Ю., Мовчан Л.В., Дёмина И.А., Михайлова Е.В., Семченкова А.А. и др. Диагностическое иммунофенотипирование острых лейкозов. Рекомендации российско-белорусской кооперативной группы по диагностике острых лейкозов у детей. Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии 2023; 22 (1): 165–77. DOI: 10.24287/1726-1708-202322-1-165-177</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Buldini B., Maurer-Granofszky M., Varotto E., Dworzak M.N. Flow-Cytometric Monitoring of Minimal Residual Disease in Pediatric Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Recent Advances and Future Strategies. Front Pediatr 2019; 7: 412.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mikhailova E.V., Dages- tani A.N., Kashpor S.A., Plyasu- nova S.A., Konyukhova T.V., Dubrovina M.E., et al. Flow cytometric and cytomorphological definition of remission achievement in children with acute myeloid leukemia. Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology 2024; 23 (1): 73–85. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.24287/1726-1708-2024-231-73-85</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Михайлова Е.В., Дагестани А.Н., Кашпор С.А., Плясунова С.А., Конюхова Т.В., Дубровина М.Э. и др. Цитометрическое и цитоморфологическое определение достижения ремиссии у детей с острым миелоидным лейкозом. Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии 2024; 23 (1): 73–85. DOI: 10.24287/1726-1708-2024-231-73-85</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>ISCN 2024 – An International System for Human Cytogenomic Nomenclature (2024). Cytogenet Genome Res 2024; 164 (Suppl 1): 1–224.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Gabert J., Beillard E., van der Velden V.H.J., Bi W., Grimwade D., Pallisgaard N., et al. Standardization and quality control studies of “real time” quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction of fusion gene transcripts for residual disease detection in leukemia - A Europe Against Cancer Program. Leukemia 2003; 17 (12): 2318–57.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sendker S., Awada A., Domagalla S.,Sendker M., Orhan E., Hoff- meister L.M., et al. RUNX1 mutation has no prognostic significance in paediatric AML: a retrospective study of the AML-BFM study group. Leukemia 2023; 37 (7): 1435–43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sendker S., Awada A., Domagalla S., Sendker M., Orhan E., Hoffmeister L.M., et al. RUNX1 mutation has no prognostic significance in paediatric AML: a retrospective study of the AML-BFM study group. Leukemia 2023; 37 (7): 1435–43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Dö Hner K., Paschka P. Intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia therapy: current and future. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2014; 2014 (1): 34–43.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Klein K., Kaspers G., Harrison C.J., Berna Beverloo H., Reedijk A., Bongers M., et al. Clinical impact of additional cytogenetic aberrations, cKIT and RAS mutations, and treatment elements in pediatric t(8;21)AML: Results from an international retrospective study by the International Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster Study Group. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33 (36): 4247–58.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Qiu K.-Y., Liao X.-Y., Li Y., Huang K., Xu H.-G., Fang J.-P., Zhou D.-H. Outcome and prognostic factors of CBF pediatric AML patients with t(8;21) differ from patients with inv(16). BMC Cancer 2023; 23 (1): 476.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Slinin A.S., Byda- nov O.I., Karachunskiy A.I. Analysis of survival and possibility of certain events in patients with acute leucosis. Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology 2016; 15 (3): 34–9. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.24287/1726-17082016-15-3-34-39</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Слинин А.С., Быданов О.И., Карачунский А.И. Анализ выживаемости и вероятности возникновения отдельных событий у пациентов с острым лейкозом. Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии 2016; 15 (3): 34–9. DOI: 10.24287/1726-17082016-15-3-34-39</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>de Morais R.V., de Souza M.V.,de Souza Silva K.A., Pablo S., Cunha Lorenzoni M., Fernandes Lorea C., et al. Epidemiological evaluation and survival of children with acute myeloid leukemia. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2021; 97 (2): 204–10.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Tseng S., Lee M.E., Lin P.C. A Review of Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Diagnosis and Novel Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16 (11): 1614.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Ho P.A., Alonzo T.A., Gerbing R.B., Pollard J., Stirewalt D.L., Hurwitz C., et al. Prevalence and prognostic implications of CEBPA mutations in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML): A report from the Children’s Oncology Group. Blood 2009; 113 (26): 6558–66.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Loken M.R., Alonzo T.A., Pardo L.,Gerbing R.B., Raimondi S.C., Hirsch B.A., et al. Residual disease detected by multidimensional flow cytometry signifies high relapse risk in patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia: A report from Children’s Oncology Group. Blood 2012; 120 (8): 1581–8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Semchenkova A.A., Illarionova O.I., Demina I.A., Mikhailova E.V., Zerkalenkova E.A., Zakharova E.S., et al. Guidelines for the use of flow cell sorting in diagnosis and monitoring of acute leukemia. Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology 2023; 22 (4): 186–205. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.24287/1726-17082023-22-4-186-205</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Семченкова А.А., Илларионова О.И., Дёмина И.А., Михайлова Е.В., Зеркаленкова Е.А., Захарова Е.С. и др. Рекомендации по применению проточной сортировки клеток в диагностике и мониторинге острых лейкозов. Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии 2023; 22 (4): 186–205. DOI: 10.24287/1726-17082023-22-4-186-205</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Steinbach D., Bader P., Willasch A., Bartholomae S., Debatin K.-M., Zimmermann M., et al. Prospective validation of a new method of monitoring minimal residual disease in childhood acute myelogenous leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21 (6): 1353–9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Christakopoulos G.E., Walker K.N., Smith J., Takemoto C.M., Zheng Y., Pui C.-H., et al. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of children with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia and hyperleukocytosis managed with different cytoreductive methods. Cancer 2023; 129 (12): 1873–84.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Pollard J.A., Guest E., Alonzo T.A., Gerbing R.B., Loken M.R., Eidenschink Brodersen L., et al. Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin Improves EventFree Survival and Reduces Relapse in Pediatric KMT2A-Rearranged AML: Results From the Phase III Children’s Oncology Group Trial AAML0531. J Clin Oncol 2021; 39 (28): 3149–60.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Lambert J., Pautas C., Terré C., Raffoux E., Turlure P., Caillot D., et al. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin for de novo acute myeloid leukemia: Final efficacy and safety updates from the open-label, phase III ALFA-0701 trial. Haematologica 2019; 104 (1): 113–9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Fenwarth L., Fournier E., Cheok M., Boyer T., Gonzales F., Castaigne S., et al. Biomarkers of gemtuzumab ozogamicin response for acute myeloid leukemia treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21 (16): 5626.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
