<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">973</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/1726-1708-2025-24-1-133-137</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Selective enrichment of rare bone marrow cell populations for electron microscopy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Селективное обогащение популяции редких клеток костного мозга для электронной микроскопии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2930-8768</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Obydennyi</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Обыденный</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey I. Obydennyi - a researcher at the Laboratory of Cell Hemostasis and Thrombosis</p><p>1 Samory Mashela St., 117997, Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Обыденный Сергей Иванович - научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточного гемостаза и тромбоза.</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><email>obydennyj@physics.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5946-0026</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7131-8006</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedyanina</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федянина</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zavyalov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Завьялов</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7209-945X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8128-7757</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Panteleev</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пантелеев</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9252-6808</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kireev</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киреев</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2057-2036</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pshonkin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пшонкин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2756-7325</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smetanina</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сметанина</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Center for Theoretical Problems of Physical and Chemical Pharmacology of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН «Центр теоретических проблем физико-химической фармакологии» РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>133</fpage><lpage>137</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-03-28"><day>28</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-03-28"><day>28</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/973">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/973</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a unique high-resolution method allowing to study the cell ultrastructure of normal and abnormal cells. One of the factors hindering wider application of TEM for diagnosis is the challenges associated with the collection of a sample that would be both enriched in cells of interest and suitable for TEM. The aim of this study was to develop a method for the purification of megakaryocytes from a bone marrow aspirate using antibodies to megakaryocyte surface antigens immobilized on slides as well as to describe a protocol for preparing such isolated cells for a TEM analysis. The study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee and the Scientific Council of the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation. For megakaryocyte purification, monafram (F(ab')2 – a fragment of a murine monoclonal antibody to glycoprotein IIb–IIIa) was adsorbed on a glass slide modified with dimethyldichlorosilane. A suspension of mononuclear cells purified from the bone marrow aspirate using the Histopaque 1077 gradient was incubated with the immobilized antibodies for 2 hours at 4°С with mixing every 20 min. The sample was then washed to remove nonspecifically bound cells, fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde, postfixed with 1% osmium tetroxide in water, consecutively dehydrated in 30, 50, 70, 90 and 100% acetone and embedded in a thin 0.3–0.5 mm layer of Epon 812 mixed with acetone at 1:2 and 2:1 ratios. After the polymerization of the first thin Epon 812 layer, a cylinder 8 mm in diameter and 10 mm in height was glued on top of the region with bound cells and was left to polymerize. The polymerized resin was then detached from the glass slide using a scalpel, cut using an ultramicrotome and analyzed using TEM. Using this protocol, we studied bone marrow aspirates of 3 patients with essential thrombocythemia. The donors, patients and/or their legal representatives gave consent to bone marrow aspiration and further biomedical research. The obtained electron photomicrographs show all the characteristic features of megakaryocytes including loose nucleus, granules and cisternae of the demarcation membrane system and are in agreement with corresponding images in the existing literature. The suggested protocol allows to obtain TEM samples enriched in rare blood or bone marrow cells using significantly less time and money on sample preparation and photomicrography. This approach is universal and can be used not only for megakaryocytes but for other cells as well, including erythroid precursors.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Просвечивающая электронная микроскопия (ПЭМ) – уникальный метод, в силу своего высокого разрешения позволяющий исследовать ультраструктуру клеток, а также изменения, происходящие в ней в норме и патологии. Одним из препятствий к более широкому использованию ПЭМ в диагностических целях является сложность получения образца, обогащенного исследуемыми клетками, пригодного для применения данного метода. Цель исследования – разработка способа выделения мегакариоцитов из пунктата костного мозга с помощью иммобилизованных на подложке антител к их поверхностным антигенам и протокола пробоподготовки выделенных таким образом клеток для исследования методом ПЭМ. Работа одобрена независимым этическим комитетом и утверждена решением ученого совета ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России. Для выделения мегакариоцитов использовался монафрам (F(ab')2 – фрагмент мышиного моноклонального антитела к гликопротеину IIb–IIIa), адсорбированный на предметном стекле, модифицированном диметилдихлорсиланом. Суспензия мононуклеаров, выделенных из пунктата костного мозга в градиенте Histopaque 1077, инкубировалась с иммобилизованными антителами в течение 2 ч при температуре 4°С с перемешиванием 1 раз в 20 мин. Затем образец промывали для удаления неспецифически связанных клеток, фиксировали 2,5% глутаровым альдегидом, постфиксировали 1% водным раствором тетраоксида осмия, дегидратировали в ацетоне с концентрацией 30, 50, 70, 90 и 100% и пропитывали смолой Epon 812 с ацетоном в соотношениях 1:2 и 2:1 слоем не толще 0,3–0,5 мм. После застывания первого слоя смолы над областью со связанными клетками приклеивали цилиндр из смолы диаметром 8 мм и высотой 10 мм и снова полимеризовали. После застывания полимеризованную смолу отделяли от стекла с помощью скальпеля, нарезали на ультрамикротоме и исследовали на трансмиссионном электронном микроскопе. С помощью описанного протокола были исследованы пунктаты костного мозга 3 пациентов с эссенциальной тромбоцитемией. Было получено согласие доноров и пациентов и/или их законных представителей на забор костного мозга и будущие биомедицинские исследования. Полученные электронные микрофотографии содержат характерные признаки мегакариоцитов: рыхлое ядро, гранулы и пузырьки демаркационной мембранной системы и соответствуют литературным данным. Описанный в работе протокол позволяет получить образцы для ПЭМ, обогащенные редкими клетками крови или костного мозга, существенно экономя временные и финансовые затраты на пробоподготовку и съемку образцов. Предложенный подход является универсальным и может быть использован не только для мегакариоцитов, но и для других клеток, в том числе при исследовании эритроидных предшественников.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>megakaryocyte</kwd><kwd>bone marrow cell ultrastructure</kwd><kwd>transmission electron microscopy</kwd><kwd>biochip</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мегакариоцит</kwd><kwd>ультраструктура клеток костного мозга</kwd><kwd>просвечивающая электронная микроскопия</kwd><kwd>биочип</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа поддержана грантом Российского научного фонда №2375-10120</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Scandola C., Erhardt M., Rinckel J.Y., Proamer F., Gachet C., Eckly A. Use of electron microscopy to study megakaryocytes. Platelets 2020; 31 (5): 589–98.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Zucker-Franklin D., Stahl C., Hyde P. Megakaryocyte Ultrastructure: Its Relationship to Normal and Pathologic Thrombocytopoiesis a. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1987; 509 (1): 25–33.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Ru Y.X., Zhao S.X., Dong S.X., Yang Y.Q., Eyden B. On the maturation of megakaryocytes: a review with original observations on human in vivo cells emphasizing morphology and ultrastructure. Ultrastruct Pathol 2015; 39 (2): 79–87.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Patel S.R., Richardson J.L., Schulze H., Kahle E., Galjart N., Drabek K., еt al. Differential roles of microtubule assembly and sliding in proplatelet formation by megakaryocytes. Blood 2005; 106 (13): 4076-85.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Falcieri E., Bassini A., Pierpaoli S., Luchetti F., Zamai L., Vitale M., et al. Ultrastructural characterization of maturation, platelet release, and senescence of human cultured megakaryocytes. Anat Rec 2000; 258 (1): 90–9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Haddad E., Cramer E., Rivière C., Rameau P., Louache F., Guichard J., et al. The thrombocytopenia of Wiskott Aldrich syndrome is not related to a defect in proplatelet formation. Blood 1999; 94 (2): 509–18.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cuenca-Zamora E.J., FerrerMarín F., Rivera J., TeruelMontoya R. Tubulin in platelets: when the shape matters. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20 (14): 3484.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cuenca-Zamora E.J., Ferrer-Marín F., Rivera J., Teruel-Montoya R. Tubulin in platelets: when the shape matters. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20 (14): 3484.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Butov K.R., Osipova E.Y., Mikhalkin N.B., Trubina N.M., Panteleev M.A., Machlus K.R. In vitro megakaryocyte culture from human bone marrow aspirates as a research and diagnostic tool. Platelets 2021; 32 (7): 928–35.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Bornert A., Boscher J., Pertuy F., Eckly A., Stegner D., Strassel C., et al. Cytoskeletal-based mechanisms differently regulate in vivo and in vitro proplatelet formation. Haematologica 2021; 106 (5): 1368.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Eckly A., Scandola C., Oprescu A., Michel D., Rinckel J.Y., Proamer F., et al. Megakaryocytes use in vivo podosome‐like structures working collectively to penetrate the endothelial barrier of bone marrow sinusoids. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18 (11): 2987–3001.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Levine R.F. Isolation and characterization of normal human megakaryocytes. Br J Haematol 1980; 45 (3): 487–97.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Khvastunova A.N., Kuznetsova S.A., Al-Radi L.S., Vylegzhanina A.V., Zakirova A.O., Fedyanina O.S., et al. Anti-CD antibody microarray for human leukocyte morphology examination allows analyzing rare cell populations and suggesting preliminary diagnosis in leukemia. Sci Rep 2015; 5 (1): 12573.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Obydennyi S.I., Fedyanina O.S., Khvastunova A.N., Zakirova A.O., Panteleev M.A., Kireev I.I., et al. Bone marrow cell morphology in congenital diserythropoietic anemia: selective enrichment of the studied cell population for light and electron microscopy using a microarray and centrifugation in a density gradient. Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology 2018; 17 (1): 104–7. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.24287/1726-1708-2018-17-1-104-107</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Obydennyi S.I., Kuznetsova S.A., Fedyanina O.S., Khoreva A., Voronin K., Mazurov A.V., еt аl. Accelerated death of megakaryocytes from Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome patients. Br J Haematol 2023; 202 (3): 645–56.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Trusal L.R., Baker C.J., Guzman A.W. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy of cell monolayers grown on polymethylpentene coverslips. Stain Technol 1979; 54 (2): 77–83.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Hanson H.H., Reilly J.E., Lee R., Janssen W.G., Phillips G.R. Streamlined embedding of cell monolayers on gridded glass-bottom imaging dishes for correlative light and electron microscopy. Microsc Microanal 2010; 16 (6): 747–54.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Ru Y.X. Diagnosis of Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anaemia Types I and II by Transmission Electron Microscopy. In: Diagnostic Electron Microscopy: A Practical Guide to Interpretation and Technique. Stirling J., Curry A., Eyden B. (eds.). Wiley; 2012. Pp. 293–308.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
