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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">984</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/j.984</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">ATTULS</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Alpha/beta-T-cell depleted hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from unrelated and haploidentical donors in children with idiopathic aplastic anemia</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток от неродственных и гаплоидентичных доноров с деплецией αβ-T-лимфоцитов у детей с идиопатической апластической анемией</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5641-8567</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shasheleva</surname><given-names>Daria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шашелева</surname><given-names>Дарья Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>a hematologist at Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Department No.1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-гематолог отделения трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток №1 </p></bio><email>darya.shasheleva@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0520-5630</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shelikhova</surname><given-names>L. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шелихова</surname><given-names>Л. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>darya.shasheleva@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7652-7704</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyushina</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Илюшина</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>darya.shasheleva@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5618-7159</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khismatullina</surname><given-names>R. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хисматуллина</surname><given-names>Р. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>darya.shasheleva@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9282-6883</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogoyavlenskaya</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богоявленская</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>darya.shasheleva@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7696-1153</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Radygina</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Радыгина</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>darya.shasheleva@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4767-5382</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurnikova</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курникова</surname><given-names>Е. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>darya.shasheleva@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6148-7209</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pershin</surname><given-names>D. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Першин</surname><given-names>Д. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>darya.shasheleva@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-0569</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Balashov</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балашов</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>darya.shasheleva@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8571-5395</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Goronkova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горонкова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>darya.shasheleva@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3513-8299</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Muzalevskiy</surname><given-names>Ya. O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Музалевский</surname><given-names>Я. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>darya.shasheleva@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0497-9175</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazachenok</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казаченок</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>darya.shasheleva@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0079-7761</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Brilliantova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бриллиантова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>darya.shasheleva@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7130-8596</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Baydildina</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Байдильдина</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>darya.shasheleva@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2322-5734</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novichkova</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новичкова</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>darya.shasheleva@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0016-6698</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maschan</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масчан</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>darya.shasheleva@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1735-0093</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maschan</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масчан</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>darya.shasheleva@dgoi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-01-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>31</fpage><lpage>41</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-05"><day>05</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-06-10"><day>10</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/984">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/984</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from an alternative donor is the main treatment option for patients with severe acquired aplastic anemia (AAA) refractory to combined immunosuppressive therapy with anti-thymocyte globulin and cyclosporine A. Although the outcomes of unrelated and haploidentical HSCTs have improved over the years, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) continues to pose a major clinical challenge associated with significant morbidity and mortality.</p> <p><bold>Aim:</bold> to present the outcomes of unrelated and haploidentical HSCTs with TCRαβ-depleted grafts in patients with AAA.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold><bold> </bold>Eighty patients (42 males and 38 females) with AAA underwent HSCT between September 2012 and February 2022. The median age at transplantation was 10 (2.3–22.7) years. Seventy-eight patients received HSCT after relapse or refractory disease after one (<italic>n</italic> = 14) or two (<italic>n</italic> = 18) courses of immunosuppressive therapy. Two patients underwent HSCT as first-line treatment. The median time from diagnosis to transplantation was 1 (0.1–11.8) year. Conditioning regimen included cyclophosphamide (100–150 mg/kg), fludarabine (150 mg/kg), antithymocyte globulin (ATGAM (100 mg/kg) or thymoglobulin (5–10 mg/kg)), and thoracoabdominal irradiation (2–6 Gy). In some cases, additional medications such as melphalan (140 mg/m<sup>2</sup>), thiophosphamide (5–10 mg/kg), and rituximab (200 mg/m<sup>2</sup>) were used. Patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (<italic>n</italic> = 6) received eculizumab at a dose of 600 mg from day –7 to day +14 (every 7 days). Post-transplant GVHD prophylaxis included calcineurin inhibitors. TCRαβ/CD19 depletion was performed using a CliniMACS Plus system (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergish Gladbach, Germany). The median CD34<sup>+</sup> cell dose in the graft was 10 (2.7–23.0) × 10⁶/kg, and the median TCRαβ<sup>+</sup> cell dose was 26.6 (0.85–316.00) × 10³/kg.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> The cumulative incidence of engraftment was 0,95 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.9–1.0) with the median time to neutrophil recovery being 13 (9–24) days and to platelet recovery – 12 (7–25) days. Graft rejection occurred in 9 patients, the cumulative incidence of rejection was 0,11 (95% CI 0.06–0.20). Three of these patients underwent successful retransplantation. The cumulative incidence of grade II–III acute GVHD was 0,12 (95% CI 0.05–0.27) in the patients who had undergone unrelated donor HSCT versus 0,42 (95% CI 0.29–0.61) in the haploidentical HSCT recipients (<italic>p</italic> = 0.003). The cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD was 0,5 (95% CI 0.01–0.20) in the unrelated donor HSCT group and 0,21 (95% CI 0.12–0.38) in the haploidentical HSCT group (<italic>p</italic> = 0.02). The median follow-up was 6.4 years. Twenty-two (27.5%) patients died. Sixteen of them died of complications after the first HSCT; 4 deaths occurred due to complications associated with repeat HSCT. Two patients died after graft rejection due to infectious complications. The overall survival was 0,79 (95% CI 66–91) in the unrelated donor HSCT group and 0,66 (95% CI 51–81) in the haploidentical donor HSCT group.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The use of TCRαβ/CD19-depleted HSCT from alternative donors ensured high engraftment rates and reduced the incidence of severe GVHD. However, there were no significant improvements in graft rejection or mortality.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (ТГСК) от альтернативного донора является основным методом лечения пациентов с тяжелой приобретенной апластической анемией (ПАА), рефрактерных к комбинированной иммуносупрессивной терапии (антитимоцитарный глобулин + циклоспорин А). Несмотря на значительное улучшение результатов неродственных и гаплоидентичных ТГСК, реакция «трансплантат против хозяина» (РТПХ) остается серьезной проблемой, связанной со значительной заболеваемостью и смертностью.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования:</bold> оценить результаты неродственных и гаплоидентичных ТГСК с применением технологии TCRαβ-деплеции трансплантата у пациентов с ПАА.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> ТГСК была проведена 80 пациентам (42 мальчика и 38 девочек) с ПАА в период с сентября 2012 г. по февраль 2022 г. Средний возраст на момент выполнения трансплантации составил 10 (2,3–22,7) лет. В 78 случаях ТГСК была проведена после рецидива или рефрактерности после 1 (<italic>n</italic><italic> </italic>= 14) или 2 (<italic>n</italic> = 64) курсов иммуносупрессивной терапии. В первой линии терапии были трансплантированы 2 пациента. Медиана времени от постановки диагноза до трансплантации составила 1 (0,1–11,8) год. Режим кондиционирования включал циклофосфамид (100–150 мг/кг), флударабин (150 мг/кг), антитимоцитарный глобулин (АТГАМ (100 мг/кг) или тимоглобулин (5–10 мг/кг)), торакоабдоминальное облучение (2–6 Гр). В ряде случаев использовались мелфалан (140 мг/м<sup>2</sup>), тиофосфамид (5–10 мг/кг) и ритуксимаб (200 мг/м<sup>2</sup>). Пациенты с пароксизмальной ночной гемоглобинурией (<italic>n</italic><italic> </italic>= 6) получали экулизумаб в дозе 600 мг с –7-го по +14-й день (каждые 7 дней). Посттрансплантационная профилактика РТПХ базировалась на ингибиторах кальциневрина. TCRαβ- и CD19-деплеция проводилась на приборе CliniMACS Plus (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergish Gladbach, Германия). Медиана CD34-клеток в трансплантате составила 10 (2,7–23) × 10<sup>6</sup>/кг, TCRαβ-клеток – 26,6 (0,85–316) × 10<sup>3</sup>/кг.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Кумулятивная вероятность (КВ) приживления составила 0,95 (95% доверительный интервал (ДИ) 0,9–1,0) с медианой приживления 13 (9–24) дней для нейтрофилов и 12 (7–25) дней для тромбоцитов. Отторжение трансплантата было диагностировано у 9 пациентов, КВ составила 0,11 (95% ДИ 0,06–0,20), 3 из них были успешно ретрансплантированы. КВ острой РТПХ II–III степени составила 0,12 (95% ДИ 0,05–0,27) для пациентов после неродственных и 0,42 (95% ДИ 0,29–0,61) – после гаплоидентичных ТГСК (<italic>p</italic> = 0,003). КВ хронической РТПХ в группе неродственных ТГСК составила 0,5 (95% ДИ 0,01–0,20), в группе гаплоидентичных ТГСК – 0,21 (95% ДИ 0,12–0,38) (<italic>p</italic> = 0,02). Медиана наблюдения – 6,4 года. Умерли 22 (27,5%) пациента. В 16 случаях смерть наступила от осложнений, возникших после первой ТГСК, в 4 – от осложнений повторных ТГСК, 2 пациента умерли после отторжения трансплантата от инфекционных осложнений. Общая выживаемость составила 0,66 (95% ДИ 51–81) в группе гаплоидентичных ТГСК и 0,79 (95% ДИ 66–91) в группе неродственных трансплантаций.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> ТГСК от альтернативных доноров на платформе TCRαβ-/CD19-деплеции обеспечивает высокие показатели приживления и снижает частоту развития тяжелых форм РТПХ. При этом не наблюдалось значительного улучшения в показателях отторжения и смертности.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>aplastic anemia</kwd><kwd>haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation</kwd><kwd>unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation</kwd><kwd>αβ-T-cell depletion</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>апластическая анемия</kwd><kwd>гаплоидентичная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток</kwd><kwd>неродственная трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток</kwd><kwd>деплеция αβ-T-лимфоцитов</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Bacigalupo A. How I treat acquired aplastic anemia. Blood 2017;129(11):1428–36.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Locasciulli A., Oneto R., Bacigalupo A., Socié G., Korthof E., Bekassy A. et al. 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