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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы гематологии/онкологии и иммунопатологии в педиатрии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1726-1708</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2414-9314</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Fund Doctors, Innovations, Science for Children</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">993</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24287/j.993</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">JAHOYI</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Treatment outcomes in standard-risk medulloblastoma patients: the role of molecular genetic stratifications</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Результаты лечения пациентов с медуллобластомой группы стандартного риска: роль молекулярно-генетической стратификации</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8049-1908</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Flegontov</surname><given-names>Andrey N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Флегонтов</surname><given-names>Андрей Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>a postgraduate student, a pediatric oncologist at the Department of Neuro-Oncology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, врач-детский онколог отделения нейроонкологии</p></bio><email>drew_23@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1308-8622</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Druy</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Друй</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>drew_23@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8562-8945</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Protsvetkina</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Процветкина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>drew_23@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2015-5790</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaytseva</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцева</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>drew_23@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6208-6557</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gegeliya</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гегелия</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>drew_23@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4283-6975</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrova</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрова</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>drew_23@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9921-5620</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Senchenko</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сенченко</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>drew_23@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9496-3136</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarakanova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тараканова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>drew_23@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5893-0508</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sanakoeva</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Санакоева</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>drew_23@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0628-1726</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Artyomov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артемов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>drew_23@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1261-2963</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gornostaev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горностаев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>drew_23@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9846-2793</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Salnikova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сальникова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>drew_23@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1920-9343</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sysoev</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сысоев</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>drew_23@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-5928</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Merishavyan</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меришавян</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>drew_23@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2189-8126</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Koldasheva</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колдашева</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>drew_23@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9722-4590</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Degtyarev</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дегтярев</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>drew_23@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0899-5957</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kasich</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Касич</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>drew_23@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3513-8060</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Emelyanova</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Емельянова</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>drew_23@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6296-4305</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vilesova</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вилесова</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>drew_23@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4000-6142</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kikhtenko</surname><given-names>U. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кихтенко</surname><given-names>У. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>drew_23@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2322-5734</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novichkova</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новичкова</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>drew_23@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4451-3233</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grachev</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грачев</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>drew_23@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9300-198X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karachunskiy</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карачунский</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>drew_23@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7750-5216</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Papusha</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Папуша</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>drew_23@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-10-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>60</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-11"><day>11</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-09-17"><day>17</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, «D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">«D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI»</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/993">https://hemoncim.com/jour/article/view/993</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Medulloblastoma (MB) is a clinically and biologically heterogeneous tumor of the central nervous system (CNS); however, current risk stratification criteria rely primarily on its clinical and morphological features.</p> <p>The aim of the study was to assess molecular and genetic characteristics of MB in standard risk group patients and analyze their impact on the clinical course of the disease and long-term treatment outcomes.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods.</bold> This retrospective study included 137 patients with standard-risk MB according to the criteria in the HIT-MED 2020. The study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee and the Scientific Council of the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation. All the patients underwent molecular subgrouping (WNT, SHH, Group 3, or Group 4). Overall survival (OS), event-free survival (EFS), and relapse characteristics were assessed in relation to molecular subgroup, craniospinal irradiation (CSI) dose, and time to the start of radiotherapy.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Five-year OS and EFS rates for the entire cohort were 84% and 74%, respectively. The most favorable outcomes were observed in the WNT subgroup (OS 93%, EFS 86%); however, recurrences occurred in 14.6% of the patients, exclusively among those who received a CSI dose of 23.4 Gy. In the SHH subgroup, the recurrence rate was 39.1% and was associated with the presence of <italic>TP53 </italic>mutations. CSI dose escalation of did not improve survival in this subgroup. Patients in Group 3 had the poorest prognosis, with a high rate of early metastatic relapses, particularly among those treated with a CSI dose of 23.4 Gy. Patients in Group 4 had intermediate survival and a moderate recurrence rate (22%). Neither CSI dose nor the time to the start of radiation therapy had a significant impact on survival in the entire cohort.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Molecular subgroups are an important prognostic factor even in patients with favorable clinical and morphological profiles. Our findings support the need to integrate molecular stratification into routine clinical practice and to be careful when considering de-escalation or intensification of treatment strategies in the standard-risk group.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Медуллобластома (МБ) является клинически и биологически гетерогенной опухолью центральной нервной системы (ЦНС), однако текущие критерии стратификации на группы риска основываются преимущественно на клинико-морфологических характеристиках.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> – оценка молекулярно-генетических характеристик опухоли у пациентов с МБ группы стандартного риска и анализ их влияния на клиническое течение заболевания и отдаленные результаты лечения.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В ретроспективное исследование включены 137 пациентов с МБ, соответствующих критериям группы стандартного риска согласно протоколу HIT-MED 2020. Данное исследование одобрено независимым этическим комитетом и утверждено решением ученого совета ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России. У всех пациентов была верифицирована молекулярная подгруппа (WNT, SHH, группа 3 или группа 4). Оценивались общая (ОВ) и бессобытийная (БСВ) выживаемость, частота и характер рецидивов в зависимости от молекулярной подгруппы, дозы краниоспинального облучения (КСО) и интервала до начала лучевой терапии.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Пятилетняя ОВ в общей когорте составила 84%, БСВ – 74%. Наилучшие результаты лечения были отмечены у пациентов с МБ подгруппы WNT (ОВ 93%, БСВ 86%), однако у 14,6% из них были зафиксированы рецидивы, исключительно у пациентов, получивших КСО в дозе 23,4 Гр. В подгруппе SHH частота рецидивов составила 39,1% и была ассоциирована с наличием мутаций в гене <italic>TP53</italic>. Эскалация дозы КСО не улучшила выживаемость в этой подгруппе. Пациенты группы 3 имели наиболее неблагоприятный прогноз с высоким числом ранних метастатических рецидивов, преимущественно при получении дозы КСО 23,4 Гр. В группе 4 отмечены промежуточные показатели выживаемости и умеренная частота рецидивов (22%). Доза КСО и интервал до начала лучевой терапии не оказали значимого влияния на выживаемость в общей когорте.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Молекулярная подгруппа является значимым прогностическим фактором даже у пациентов с благоприятным клинико-морфологическим профилем. Полученные данные подчеркивают необходимость внедрения молекулярной стратификации в рутинную клиническую практику и осторожности при рассмотрении стратегий деэскалации или интенсификации терапии в группе стандартного риска.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>medulloblastoma</kwd><kwd>standard-risk group</kwd><kwd>molecular subgroup</kwd><kwd>molecular stratification</kwd><kwd>craniospinal irradiation</kwd><kwd>medulloblastoma recurrence</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>медуллобластома</kwd><kwd>группа стандартного риска</kwd><kwd>молекулярно-генетическая подгруппа</kwd><kwd>молекулярная стратификация</kwd><kwd>краниоспинальное облучение</kwd><kwd>рецидив медуллобластомы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Ostrom Q.T., Gittleman H., Fulop J., Lui M., Blanda R., Kromer C. et al. 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