Экстрамедуллярные поражения при остром миелобластном лейкозе у детей: особенности диагностики и лечения. Клинические примеры и обзор литературы

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   Проблема экстрамедуллярных поражений (ЭМП) при остром миелобластном лейкозе (ОМЛ) у детей сохраняет высокую актуальность, поскольку их патогенез остается малоизученным, а влияние на прогноз однозначно не определено. Вариабельность вовлечения тканей и органов при ЭМП зависит от иммунофенотипических, цитогенетических и молекулярно-генетических особенностей лейкемических клеток, обусловливает трудности диагностики и определяет необходимость использования комбинации методов визуализации и лабораторных исследований в целях своевременной и адекватной детекции ЭМП. Наличие ЭМП не является однозначным критерием высокого риска ОМЛ, в связи с чем необходимость интенсификации химиотерапии, а также проведения аллогенной трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток в первой ремиссии остается дискутабельной. Результаты использования таргетной терапии в отношении ЭМП при ОМЛ представляются обнадеживающими и могут снизить вероятность рецидива ОМЛ. В статье описаны особенности клинического течения ОМЛ у детей с ЭМП, подходы к диагностике заболевания с определением преимуществ и ограничений существующих лабораторных исследований и методов визуализации. Проанализированы молекулярно-генетические особенности экстрамедуллярных форм ОМЛ, существующие опции терапии и прогноз. Родители пациентов дали согласие на использование информации, в том числе фотографий детей, в научных исследованиях и публикациях.

Об авторах

Ю. В. Диникина

ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова» Минздрава России

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: dinikina_yuv@almazovcentre.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2003-0982

Юлия Валерьевна Диникина, канд. мед. наук, заведующая отделением

отделение химиотерапии онкогематологических заболеваний и трансплантации костного мозга для детей

197341

ул. Аккуратова, 2

Санкт-Петербург

Россия

А. А. Масчан

ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России

ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0016-6698

Москва

Россия

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