Guidelines for the flow cytometric minimal residual disease monitoring in B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia after CD19-directed immunotherapy

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Abstract

   Multicolor flow cytometry is now routinely used in laboratory practice for the minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL). Wide application of CD19-directed immunotherapy leads to frequent loss of CD19 expression, that hampers significantly the flow cytometric MRD detection methodology. We developed an antibody panel and data analysis algorithm for multicolor flow cytometry, which is a reliable method for MRD detection in patients with BCP-ALL treated with CD19-directed therapy. We recommend a single-tube 11-color panel for MRD detection, which is adapted for the case of possible CD19 loss. Based on patterns of antigen expression changes and the relative expansion of normal CD19-negative BCPs, guidelines for multicolored flow cytometry data analysis and interpretation are established. The recommended approach is reliable tool for therapy response monitoring displaying the same effectiveness with the more laborious and costly molecular techniques.

About the authors

E. V. Mikhailova

Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation

Author for correspondence.
Email: katmikhailova1805@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3450-0498

Ekaterina V. Mikhailova, MD

Leukemia Immunophenotyping Laboratory

117997

1 Samory Mashela St.

Moscow

Russian Federation

O. I. Illarionova

Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation

ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2685-674X

Moscow

Russian Federation

M. A. Maschan

Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation

ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1735-0093

Moscow

Russian Federation

G. A. Novichkova

Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation

ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2322-5734

Moscow

Russian Federation

A. I. Karachunskiy

Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation

Moscow

Russian Federation

A. M. Popov

Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation

ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0889-6986

Moscow

Russian Federation

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Copyright (c) 2025 Mikhailova E.V., Illarionova O.I., Maschan M.A., Novichkova G.A., Karachunskiy A.I., Popov A.M.

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