Роль тромбоцитов в процессах тромбовоспаления

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Взаимодействия между тромбоцитами, лейкоцитами и эндотелиальными клетками играют важную роль в различных физиологических и патофизиологических процессах. Хотя основная функция тромбоцитов заключается в остановке кровотечения, исследования последних лет пролили свет на их роль во многих других процессах, главным образом в иммунных реакциях. Лейкоциты как ключевые участники воспалительных процессов активно взаимодействуют как с тромбоцитами, так и с эндотелиальными клетками, тем самым реализуя связь между гемостатическим ответом и локальным воспалением. Эндотелий, в свою очередь, активно участвует как в регуляции гемостаза, так и в воспалительных процессах. В норме эти взаимодействия способствуют борьбе с патогенами, правильному течению воспаления и восстановлению тканей. Однако нарушение их регуляции может приводить к развитию патологий, включая атеросклероз, тромбозы, воспалительные заболевания и осложнения, возникающие вследствие инфекций. В последние годы развитие широкого круга патологий ассоциируется с процессами тромбовоспаления и иммунотромбоза, механизмы которых являются предметом активных исследований. Данный обзор посвящен описанию современной картины тромбовоспаления через соответствующие молекулярные и клеточные взаимодействия, лежащие в его основе. Более глубокое понимание роли тромбоцитов в регуляции воспалительных реакций способно не только улучшить наше понимание взаимосвязи между гемостатическим ответом и иммунными реакциями, но и помочь определить новые терапевтические мишени и стратегии для многих серьезных патологий: от тромбозов до нейродегенеративных заболеваний. 

Об авторах

Е. А. Мельникова

ФГБУН «Центр теоретических проблем физико-химической фармакологии» РАН

Email: zhukabra_@mail.ru

Мельникова Евгения А.

Москва

Россия

Н. С. Емельянов

ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова»

Москва

Россия

Д. Ю. Нечипуренко

ФГБУН «Центр теоретических проблем физико-химической фармакологии» РАН;
ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова»;
ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: dmitry.nechipurenko@dgoi.ru

Нечипуренко Дмитрий Юрьевич, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточного гемостаза и тромбоза ФГБУ «НМИЦ ДГОИ им. Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России

117997, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1

Россия

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